Immunochemical procedures provide protein assay techniques of high sensitivity and discrimination. These methods employ antibodies, proteins produced by an animal’s immune system in response to the introduction of a foreign protein and which specifically bind to this foreign protein.

The technique exploits the specificity of reaction between an antigen and antibody and molecular sieving of the gel in which this reaction is taking place for analysis of components of a given sample. The technique was developed by Grabar and Williams and is actually a modification of Ouchterlony double diffusion technique. To understand the technique […]

Primary ovarian cancer ranks as one of the common causes of cancer deaths in women. Carcinomas are more common in single women and in nulliparous married women. Tumors of germ cell origin are seen in children and teenagers. Women with breast cancer have an increased incidence of ovarian cancer. The symptoms of early cancer are […]

Germ-cell tumors
Patients presenting with a lump in the testes or a malignancy of unknown origin should have plasma (AFP) and (hCG) measured. If raised due to secretion by the tumor, these measurements can also be used to monitor treatment. However, only about 75% of non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors and a minority of patients with seminoma or […]

A major portion of most biochemical investigations involves the purification of the materials under consideration because these substances must be relatively free of contaminants if they are to be properly characterized. This is often a formidable task because a typical cell contains thousands of different substances, many of which closely resemble other cellular constituents in […]